The article presents a spatial analysis of rural areas in 14 villages in the Białaczów commune. The study has focused on land tenure and use as well as land fragmentation in private farms. On the basis of a synthetic fragmentation index of registered parcels a detailed research of private land fragmentation in villages of the Białaczów commune was carried out. The index calculated for each area allowed to distinguishing four types of villages. The types differ according to parcels’ fragmentation, a factor that may be one of the criteria in establishing which villages require land consolidation and land exchange works in the first place.