The second issue, No. 2
Łukasz Byś 
A contemporary method of activating manor complexes on the example of Pisary village
Corresponding author
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15576/GLL/2022.2.7
In Poland, manor complexes are a reminder of the country’s history, identity and culture. Their activation is necessary to save them from being forgotten. The aim of the conceptual design presented in this paper is to determine the adaptability of the area at the former manor granary in the village of Pisary, located in the municipality of Zabierzów in the Małopolskie Voivodeship. The planned activities are meant to transform the area for agritourism purposes and make it
available to both visitors and residents of the municipality. The changes in the selected area over the centuries were traced with analytical methods involving field research. Based on the opportunities offered by the surrounding landscape parks, potential uses of the area were also identified. In addition, efforts were made to symbolically merge the manor estate, the structure of which had been upset by the land parcelling. As a result of the analyses, three main zones were delineated, namely the recreation, educational and service zones. The project includes an adaptation of historic buildings for agritourism purposes together with accompanying services.
In the conceptual design, the picturesque courtyard was developed into a multifunctional centre at a historic site with accompanying infrastructure. The terrain and natural conditions were utilised to create tourist attractions, providing active recreation. The centuries-old park, for example, has been made more suitable for walking and admiring the local fauna and flora. These interventions have enhanced the high landscape values of the site, ensuring that it meets the needs of contemporary visitors. This project shows how an attractive and welcoming facility can be created with little interference and in respect of the history of the site. This project is an example of how to use natural, geological, landscape and historical values to design an interesting point on the tourist map of the municipality.
Keywords: Pisary • adaptation • manor complex activation • tourism
Małgorzata Frosik
Undeveloped non-investment land properties versus designated for single-family housing, as illustrated with the example of the Niepołomice municipality
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15576/GLL/2022.2.19
The Niepołomice municipality is located approx. 25 km from the center of Kraków and directly adjoins the Kraków agglomeration from the south-east. Its natural boundaries are marked by the Vistula River and the Niepołomice Forest. The municipality of Niepołomice is highly attractive to investors, which is due, inter alia, to lower real estate prices compared to the neighboring city of Kraków (the capital of the voivodeship), the presence of an industrial zone that guarantees
numerous jobs, good transport connections with Kraków, and a substantial amount of green and recreational areas.
The market of undeveloped land in Niepołomice is dynamic and very diverse, but when the transactions are grouped according to their designated functional purpose in the local spatial development plan, certain trends characteristic of a given group of transactions can be observed. In the present study, we attempt to compare the market of undeveloped non-investment land properties (with intended land use in the local zoning plan defined as agricultural land, green areas, etc.) and those designated for the development of single-family housing, across the entire Niepołomice municipality, on the basis of transactions made in the local real estate market during the 2020–2021 period.
Keywords: real estate market • property prices • Niepołomice Municipality
Szczepan Budkowski
Regulations for unmanned aerial vehicle flights in poland and other european countries – an analysis of the applicable law
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15576/GLL/2022.2.27
In Poland, a growing interest in unmanned aerial vehicles has been observed in successive years. First and foremost, the development trend concerns operations with the use of unmanned aerial vehicles – i.e. drones – employed for sport, recreational, and commercial purposes. The aim of the present study is to familiarize the users of drones with the most important issues related to the various regulations and responsibility for their flights in Poland and other European countries. Unmanned aerial vehicles expand the spatial range in which research can be conducted. The work uses the method of critical analysis and case analysis based on legislative changes in Polish and European law. The research subject addressed the characteristics of the pertinent aviation law regulations, including those applicable to unmanned aerial vehicles. In this context, a study of regulations in European countries was also conducted, indicating the differences between individual countries. The article is a kind of resume of legislative regulations in force in Europe in the context of unmanned aerial vehicles. Extensive legal systems require the pilot of unmanned aerial vehicles to have professional knowledge required to carry out drone missions safely. The conducted analysis of the rules of UAV flights in various countries allows for the conclusion that the introduced changes, aimed at unifying the regulations across all European Union countries, are highly justified. Compared to some other European Union countries, in Poland the implementation of EU regulations in this respect is at an advanced stage.
Keywords: drone • UAV • European Union • aviation law • CAA • PANSA
, Aleksandra Musiał, Piotr BożekAssessment of the effectiveness of land consolidation works, as illustrated with the case of Bielcza village
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15576/GLL/2022.2.37
Land consolidation is a process consisting in the designation of new cadastral plots with a different shape compared to the original ones, in order to reduce the number of small and scattered plots of land that make up a farm, and to increase the average size of homesteads. Within the scope of a land consolidation project, works related to post-consolidation land development are also carried out, which mainly include the creation of a functional network of access roads to agricultural and forest land, and the implementation of tasks, which impact the regulation of hydrographic conditions within the area covered by the consolidation, and which affect land reclamation.
Having understood the opportunities as well as threats related to the construction of the highway, the Self-government of the Małopolska region (Małopolskie Voivodship) initiated activities related to the implementation of the first infrastructural consolidations in Poland in relation to the proposed highway-adjoining areas. On September 21, 2005, an agreement was signed with the General Directorate for National Roads and Highways in Warsaw [Generalna Dyrekcja Dróg Krajowych i Autostrad w Warszawie], pertaining to cooperation regarding the consolidation of land related to the Kraków-Tarnów section of the A4 highway, currently under construction. Infrastructural consolidation, otherwise known as highway-related land consolidation, is a procedure that consists in ordering the space adjacent to the highway construction area, as well as to another investment project in linear form. The purpose of the present article is to investigate the effectiveness of land consolidation works in connection with the construction of the highway, as illustrated with the example of a part of the village of Bielcza, in Borzęcin municipality, Brest district.
Keywords: village • land consolidation • A4 highway
Renata Różycka-Czas , Natalia Zając
Quality of life in the context of the distance from the city centre and access to green areas, illustrated with the case of Kraków district
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15576/GLL/2022.2.49
The aim of the study was to determine the diversity in the standard of living of the inhabitants across the municipalities that make up the Kraków district (powiat krakowski). The study examined the socio-economic conditions and the relationship between the standard of living and the distance from the central city. In their research, the authors also attempted to determine the relationship between the quality of life and the accessibility of green areas. The standard of living and accessibility of green areas were defined as synthetic indicators, using the non-model method. In order to verify the research questions, the Pearson’s linear correlation coefficient was
applied. The basis for calculating the value of the green areas accessibility index was a network analysis conducted using the QGIS 3.16 software, applied to the CORINE Land Cover 2018 and OpenStreetMap data. The research on the standard of living and quality of life was based on data from public statistics. Ultimately, two classifications were obtained: (1) the standard of living and the quality of life, and (2) the accessibility of green areas. Significant differences in the values of the quality of life and standard of living index were demonstrated. It was concluded that the municipalities of Wielka Wieś, Zabierzów, and Zielonki have the highest standard of living of all the studied area. The best accessibility of green areas is found in the Krzeszowice municipality. In the analysed area, no significant correlation was found between the standard of living and the accessibility of green areas. The results can be applied, among others, in conducting marketing activities of administrative units and as an aid in determining areas requiring the attention of local authorities.
Keywords: network analysis • suburban zone • QGIS • standard of living
TLS point cloud as a data surce for multi-lod of 3D models
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15576/GLL/2022.2.63
The development of science and technology had a strong impact on all branches of engineering, including geodesy and the possibility of acquiring and processing measurement data. The best example of this is the Terrestrial Laser Scanning, whih can perform measurements in the form of a multi-million-point cloud. The cloud, representing places and objects, becomes a spatial database. The current problem in engineering is no longer data acquisition and processing, but information excess and redundancy. The solution to this problem is optimisation, which is the process of reducing the amount of data. It should implement its assumptions in such a way as to
remove or reduce unnecessary information without losing the information presented by an object. This issue is particularly important in the process of using point clouds in 3D modelling at various levels of detail. The appropriate levels of the LOD0–LOD4 model require a different type of data: on the one hand ensuring the obtainment of the appropriate accuracy class in the study, and on the other hand, the data source should not contain too detailed information that is unnecessary for the study, which makes the work harder and slows it down due to the need to operate on a huge amount of redundant information Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to determine the scope of work on the optimisation of the point cloud in order to adjust its number and quality to the needs of individual LODs. The results of the work allowed to determine the
scope of data unification for the respective precision groups of 3D models generating.
Keywords: data optimisation • point cloud • TLS • LOD • 3D modelling