The first issue, No. 1
Justyna Wójcik-Leń 
, Klaudia Maciąg , Michał Maciąg , Adrian Moskal , Kornelia Moskal , Przemysław Leń
Analysis of the implementation of land consolidation and exchange in the villages of the Leżajsk district
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15576/GLL/2022.1.7
Rural areas in Poland have a diversified spatial structure. The spatial structure of rural areas is improved by the procedures of land consolidation and exchange, aimed at creating more favourable management conditions in agriculture and forestry by developing the area structure of agricultural holdings, forests and forest lands, as well as rational shaping of land layouts and adjusting real estate boundaries to a system of land reclamation devices, roads and terrain. The Leżajsk district covers an area of 58,372 ha, including 40 cadastral precincts. So far, land consolidation has been performed in 29 villages, covering 46 113 ha, which is 79.0% of the total area of the district. Land consolidation in the Leżajsk district was carried out at various periods due to the changing legal regulations. The paper aims to present a chronological analysis of the land consolidation works conducted in the villages of the Leżajsk district, located in the Podkarpackie Voivodeship in 1945–2013, along with anticipated and implemented land consolidation works in the years 2014–2020.
Keywords: land consolidation • rural areas • land use • agricultural production space
Monika Maria Siejka , Konrad Słomiany, Mariusz Górak
Analysis of the level of prices and number of transactions, and their dynamics on the housing real estate market – a case study in Katowice
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15576/GLL/2022.1.25
The development of the real estate market necessitates a continuous need for analyses regarding the distribution of the number of transactions and level of transaction prices of real estate. This information is important for many market participants, such as investors, property owners, creditors, developers, as well as state and local government administration (for fiscal reasons). Transaction price data are systematically collected by administration units and are generally available to citizens. However, prices themselves do not provide sufficient information for the average user. Only when combined with geospatial data, they constitute complete and user-expected information. This publication analyses the distribution of unit transaction prices and the number of housing real estate transactions in the city of Katowice. A publicly available QGIS programme was used for the analysis. The results of the research proved the usefulness of the methodology used. Using the Voronoi diagram, the spatial distribution of the number of transactions in the studied area was presented. Using the methods of graphical data visualisation, the distribution of transaction prices in individual plats and the change in the distribution of transaction prices depending on the distance from the city centre were presented. In the case of the number of concluded transactions, plat 2 dominates, both on the primary and secondary market. In addition, in both cases, 2019 was the year with the most activity. Whereas, the highest transaction prices were recorded in 2020. In secondary trading, it was plat 14, and in primary trading – plat 3. The last year of the analysis is the period in which there was a large jump in prices, with a decrease in the number of transactions.
Keywords: GIS • QGIS • Voronoi diagram • real estate market analysis • spatial analysis
Justyna Wójcik-Leń
Characterisation of land unsuitable for agriculture and possibilities of its development in rural areas
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15576/GLL/2022.1.41
Rural areas are influenced by many natural, social and economic factors. The historical conditions of social development, such as the rate of population growth, low yields and chronic food shortages, leading to the development of less useful areas with low production potential for agricultural purposes, have had an impact on the current state of rural areas. In addition, there is considerable fragmentation of agricultural land in these areas and a focus on production to meet farmers’ own needs. Scientific literature comprises many proposals to define agriculturally unsuitable land in relation to the marginal, problem or abandoned land. This depends mainly on the research discipline, the authors and the approach to the issue under discussion. This paper aims to review the terminology and characterisation of land unsuitable for agriculture in Poland and selected European and Asian countries. Moreover, studies have been conducted into the reasons for the expansion of these areas and the ways of their development (e.g., performing forestry functions, growing crops for energy purposes, promoting tourism and recreation as well as pedestrian or hippie bicycle routes, creating ecological areas, terracing the slopes), which in the result is the main priority of agricultural development and improvement of the spatial structure of farms. Realising the specific functions the presented land is intended for should determine the direction of changes in their alternative development. All solutions for the development of these areas should be managed with a necessary consideration of social, economic and environmental aspects.
Keywords: land unsuitable for agriculture • marginal land • problem areas • abandoned land • rural areas • spatial structure of farms
Methods of revaluation of former geodetic measurement networks
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15576/GLL/2022.1.61
Geodetic field measurements carried out in the past when establishing and updating the land registers were based directly on geodetic measurement networks. The accuracy parameters of these networks are lower compared to modern geodetic measurement networks. Currently, archival materials of the National Geodetic and Cartographic Resources are used in surveying works on real estate. The following paper presents and evaluates three methods of improving the accuracy parameters of former registry and measurement networks. The first method (I) involves transforming the coordinates of former network points into a current coordinate system based on the coordinates of the adjustment points. The second method (II) is based on a strict alignment of a geodetic network together with additional measurement of selected points to strengthen the network. The third method (III) consists of an inventory and measurement of all existing points of former geodetic networks and a strict alignment of the network to determine the coordinates of destroyed points. The effectiveness of the revaluation methods of former networks was assessed on the basis of experimental studies using data from test objects. Satisfactory results of the improvement of accuracy parameters of the network were achieved by the method (I) in those cases in which the ratio of the number of adjustment points to the total number of tested points was approx. 1/3. Similarly, for the method (III), satisfactory results can be achieved if approx. 30% of network points are used as additional control points. However, in the method (II), good results can be achieved if the percentage of searched-out points used as control points is only about 10% of all network points. Examining the complex surveying works (fieldwork and inhouse studies) has shown that both the method (I) and the method (II) of revaluation of geodetic networks have similar efficiency.
Keywords: modernisation of land and building registry • cadastre • spatial data quality
Bogusława Kwoczyńska
Analysis of land use change in selected metropolitan areas in Poland based on remote sensing data
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15576/GLL/2022.1.73
The aim of the study was to diagnose the main trends of changes in land cover in selected communes of Polish metropolitan areas. Detailed studies were conducted in deliberately selected housing estates located in the core of metropolitan area (at least one housing estate) and communes located directly at the border of cities and located on the outskirts of metropolitan areas. The examined communes also differed in the quality of natural conditions of agricultural production. The study used LANDSAT 5 TM and RapidEye satellite images from three limited-time registrations (1996/1999, 2011, 2016/2017). On the basis of remote sensing data, changes in land use were specified by presenting them in a graphic form as compilation of numerical maps. The analyses were performed on processed images (colour compositions), which were subjected to supervised classification using the maximum-likelihood technique. The quality control of supervised classification showed accuracy of 89.3% for LANDSAT 5 TM scene analyses and 91.8% for RapidEye images. Kappa coefficient for the discussed classification was: 0.84 (LANDSAT TM) and 0.89 (Rapid Eye). The results obtained for individual metropolitan areas allow to identify the directions of changes (Land Use Change Cover) taking place in them, with consideration to specificity of each of them.
Keywords: land cover • metropolitan area • satellite data
, Wojciech BoduszekComparison of the publicly available digital terrain model provided by the head office of geodesy and cartography with gnss satellite measurement
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15576/GLL/2022.1.103
Due to the ever-better accessibility of the digital terrain model (DTM), it is enjoying growing popularity as a source of information about the surrounding world. It became even more approachable when DTM data covering the whole of Poland was made available free of charge on the Geoportal website. The GRID with a resolution of 1 meter per 1 meter covers virtually the entire country. The data on the Geoportal does not only refer to the measurements processed into a grid of squares, but also includes measurement data. They can be accessed through a systematic division into section sheets in the 1992 system. The paper presents research on assessing the accuracy of these publicly available data, compared to measurements obtained with the GNSS observations. The analysis involved data directly from the measurement device, not yet processed into a grid of squares. As part of the research, the height of 3 objects was compared. It was decided to measure the terrain profiles. To get as close as possible to the source data provided at the Geoportal website, the selected points of profiles previously identified in the point cloud were measured. This approach freed the final results from the need for height interpolation for the data selected for analysis. As result, the potential source of errors in such an approach was eliminated. Although during a classical profile measurement with this technology the selection of points would certainly be different, for research purposes this approach seems optimal. For this reason, in addition to the expected deviations resulting from the height differences of the tested points, deviations from the data from the point cloud of the XY coordinates, related to the adopted technology, are also presented.
Keywords: digital terrain model (DTM) • point cloud • DTM error • GNSS
Determination of the silting rate of thuringian dam reservoirs on the example of Dachwig and Ohra reservoirs
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15576/GLL/2022.1.117
The silting process of reservoirs limits their use. Predicting this process is important for economic reasons. The paper assesses the possibility of using the methods of forecasting the silting process developed in studies of small Polish reservoirs to determine this process in reservoirs in other geographical regions. This analysis covers the Dachwig and Ohra reservoirs, located in Thuringia, Germany. The forecast of silting was developed using the Gončarov formula according to the guidelines in force in Poland and following the empirical formula used to calculate the average annual silting. It allowed determining the rate of silting. Based on the results of calculations using the Gončarov formula, it was found that the degree of silting after 100 years of operation of the Dachwig and Ohra reservoirs will be 2.45% and 0.001%, respectively. The average annual silting rate calculated from these data was found to be lower than that calculated using the empirical formula. The limitation of the empirical formula is also the reason for obtaining higher values of the average annual silting degree, which was developed in studies of reservoirs with capacities smaller than 3.86 million m3. Thus, for the 2.1 million m3 Dachwig reservoir, a difference of 43% in results was obtained, while for the much larger 17.5 million m3 Ohra reservoir, results differing by as much as three times were obtained.
Keywords: silting degree • silting intensity • silting forecast